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View synonyms for
-ing
1- a suffix of nouns formed from verbs, expressing the action of the verb or its result, product, material, etc. ( the art of building; a new building; cotton wadding ). It is also used to form nouns from words other than verbs ( offing; shirting ). Verbal nouns ending in -ing are often used attributively ( the printing trade ) and in forming compounds ( drinking song ). In some compounds ( sewing machine ), the first element might reasonably be regarded as the participial adjective, -ing2, the compound thus meaning “a machine that sews,” but it is commonly taken as a verbal noun, the compound being explained as “a machine for sewing.”
-ing
2- a suffix forming the present participle of verbs ( walking; thinking ), such participles being often used as participial adjectives: warring factions.
-ing
3- a native English suffix meaning “one belonging to,” “of the kind of,” “one descended from,” and sometimes having a diminutive force, formerly used in the formation of nouns: farthing; shilling; bunting; gelding; whiting.
-ing
1suffix forming nouns
- from verbs the action of, process of, result of, or something connected with the verb
meeting
a wedding
coming
winnings
- from other nouns something used in, consisting of, involving, etc
tubing
soldiering
- ( from other parts of speech )
an outing
-ing
2suffix
- forming the present participle of verbs
walking
believing
- forming participial adjectives
a sinking ship
a growing boy
- forming adjectives not derived from verbs
swashbuckling
-ing
3suffix forming nouns
- a person or thing having a certain quality or being of a certain kind
whiting
sweeting
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Pronunciation Note
The common suffix -ing2 can be pronounced in modern English as either [‑iԲ] or [‑i], with either the velar nasal consonant [ng], symbolized in IPA as [ŋ], or the alveolar nasal consonant [n], symbolized in IPA as [n]. The [‑i] pronunciation therefore reflects the use of one nasal as against another and not, as is popularly supposed, “dropping the g, ” since no actual g -sound is involved. Many speakers use both pronunciations, depending on the speed of utterance and the relative formality of the occasion, with [‑iԲ] considered the more formal variant. For some educated speakers, especially in the southern United States and Britain, [‑i] is in fact the more common pronunciation, while for other educated speakers, [‑iԲ] is common in virtually all circumstances. In response to correction from perceived authorities, many American speakers who would ordinarily use [‑i] at least some of the time make a conscious effort to say [‑iԲ], even in informal circumstances.
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yvlog History and Origins
Origin of -ing1
Middle English; Old English -ing, -ung
Origin of -ing2
Middle English -ing, -inge ; the variant -in (usually represented in spelling as -ʾ ) continues Middle English -inde, -ende, Old English -ende
Origin of -ing3
Middle English, Old English -ing, cognate with Old Norse -ingr, -ungr, Gothic -ings
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yvlog History and Origins
Origin of -ing1
Old English -ing, -ung
Origin of -ing2
Middle English -ing, -inde, from Old English -ende
Origin of -ing3
Old English -ing; related to Old Norse -ingr
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