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These plants can magnify antibiotic resistance by giving genes that confer the resistance the opportunity to spread among different types of bacteria in activated sludge, she said.

There’s the name — Activated Sludge.

Most plants use activated sludge treatment, which uses bacteria to break down solids that come in from the wastewater.

A substantial concentration of organics in the waste water because of water loss could allow the use of methane- and energy-producing anaerobic digestion, rather than energy-consuming aerobic systems, such as activated sludge.

Her research team estimates that, at commercial scale, the cost of this new technology would be comparable to that of today’s commonly used activated sludge systems, even if one neglects the value of excess electricity sales.