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Her mother said Katie suffered taunts over hair loss she was experiencing through alopecia and her mental health "significantly deteriorated" while she was in custody.

By 21, a harsh reality had become unavoidable: Smith was in the beginning stages of permanent hair loss caused by androgenetic alopecia, which affects an estimated 50 million men in the U.S. by age 50.

"On top of all of that, during his adolescence, he had alopecia and I think the way that Dave approached his life was indicative of his childhood really," says Si.

The court heard of the impact McCartney’s abuse had on his young victims; some said they have suffered flashbacks, shame, alopecia, and trust issues.

In February this year, a new drug, ritlecitinib, was recommended on the NHS in England and Wales for the first time for patients aged 12 and over with severe alopecia.