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Dr. Smith: Weight loss, changes in bone density and amenorrhea, which is when females aren’t menstruating.

The prolonged starvation of anorexia can lead to low estrogen and progesterone in women, often accompanied by amenorrhea.

It is why the U.S.-based Population Council and others joined in the campaign to encourage breastfeeding and to prolong postpartum amenorrhea.

In practice, nomadic hunter-gatherers space their children about four years apart by means of lactational amenorrhea, sexual abstinence, infanticide, and abortion.

She said about 25 percent of women who use this method will experience induced amenorrhea — or the absence of menstruation — after one year, and 50 percent after two years.