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While we have found amazingly effective treatments—antibiotics for tuberculosis, antiretroviral therapy for HIV—any given drug almost always works for just one disease, and they typically come with many trade-offs to boot.

The WHO says it has employed emergency measures similar to those used during the Covid pandemic to fill the gaps where there are shortages - in life-saving antiretroviral medication, for example, which is used to treat people living with HIV.

Thanks to the antiretroviral drugs we prescribed, I watched people so skeletal that I could single-handedly heft them onto a hospital bed transform into people who could heft me onto that same bed.

To tackle presumably harmful neuroinflammation and protein build-up, scientists at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio are currently investigating the therapeutic effects of the antiretroviral HIV medication, lamivudine, which may reduce tau clumping and brain inflammation.

According to the study, the same populations that are disproportionately impacted by HIV are the same populations that have limited access to PrEP -- or may have difficulty consistently taking the oral antiretroviral medication -- ultimately highlighting the need for more options.