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After failing an aptitude test with tech company IBM as a young man in Hackney, east London, he started selling car aerials from a van, and later transistor radios.

After firing about 10,000 mortar rounds during four years of training, one soldier who joined the Army with near-perfect scores on the military aptitude test was struggling to read or do basic math.

Mr. Andes joined the Army with a college degree and top scores on the military aptitude test.

The SAT’s original name, the Scholastic Aptitude Test, implied a rigor that even its current defenders would not claim.

As part of the process, the Army will use a new aptitude test designed to identify soldiers who have a higher potential for being successful recruiters.