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In the livers of the recipient mice that received transplants from donors without ovaries, the scientists found elevated expression levels of the gene for arginase-1, which plays a critical role in the elimination of nitrogenous waste.

Willow was born with an ultrarare disease called arginase-1 deficiency.

The arginase-2 pathway might be a way to better understand and perhaps find treatments for those conditions, Ginhoux says. 

Lead study author William Durante says researchers discovered that obese animals had elevated levels of an enzyme named arginase that breaks down an amino acid named arginine.

The researchers found that such cells suppress the immune response by making an enzyme called arginase.