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Now, researchers at Tohoku University have monitored astrocyte activity using fluorescence calcium sensors, discovering that astrocyte activity starts approximately 20 seconds before the onset of epileptic neuronal hyperactivity.

Windham and Cohen hypothesize that the altered composition of the lipid droplets could be causing astrocyte dysfunction and affecting the microglia's ability to clear amyloid beta.

The researchers first identified that CDKL5 is active in nerve cells in mice but not in another type of brain cell called an astrocyte.

Lactate is typically shuttled from astrocyte cells and into neurons by the protein MCT2.

This triggered conversion of all three types of astrocyte to neurons.