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This ubiquitin tag is recognized by Ubx2, which triggers the recruitment of a protein called Cdc48 — a type of enzyme called an AAA ATPase.

The authors report that inhibiting the Na+, K+-ATPase in a human airway-cell model of cystic fibrosis prevented the beneficial effects of amphotericin B treatment.

Normally, protons re-enter the mitochondrial matrix through a membrane-spanning protein complex called the proton ATPase.

Hbs1–Dom34 and the ATPase Rli1 dissociate stalled ribosomes into 40S and 60S subunits.

Nascent chains ubiquitylated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Ltn1 are extracted from the 60S subunit by the ATPase Cdc48–Ufd1–Npl4 and presented to the 26S proteasome for degradation3,4,5,6,7,8,9.