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Withdrawing rightfully owed funds because of a processor’s own mistake or lack of oversight however, as Cachet did, is prohibited by National Automated Clearing House Association rules.

Payment reversals are rare, but allowed within the automated clearing house network under very limited circumstances — for legitimate errors, for example, according to an official familiar with the payments network.

It also laid bare the vulnerability of the Automated Clearing House network — an electronic network for financial transactions in the United States — which is used by millions of people to move trillions of dollars annually, from salaries to Social Security to mortgage and credit card payments.

A spokesman for the National Automated Clearing House Association, which oversees the electronic payments system in the United States, said that about 90 percent of workers affected by MyPayrollHR’s shutdown had their money returned.

Many consumer transfers still happen over the so-called Automated Clearing House, or ACH, system, which traditionally took several days to clear.