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He was referred to Mitchel Field two miles away where he became an aviation cadet.

After graduating from high school in 1941, Barker attended what is now Drury University in Springfield but left in 1943 to become a naval aviation cadet during World War II. The war ended before Barker was sent overseas and he returned to Drury, where he graduated in 1947 with a degree in economics.

When he joined the Air Force in 1951 as an aviation cadet after attending junior college, Mr. McDivitt had “never been in an airplane, never been off the ground,” as he recalled in an interview for NASA’s Johnson Space Center Oral History Project.

He enrolled at Baylor University in Texas in 1956 and stayed for two years until he learned about the Air Force’s Aviation Cadet Training Program, which did not require a college degree.

Gen. Boyd studied for two years at Baylor University in Waco, Tex., before learning about the Air Force’s aviation cadet program, which offered him a chance to become an officer and a pilot without receiving a degree.