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“SOS,” it reads in black, as he writes, in red, “Las balas,” the bullets.

Mention has been made above of a stone frequently substituted for the true ruby, called the “spinel” or “balas” ruby.

The balas money which you now pay the pirates will be counted with your profits, for I will drive the pirates from these seas.

That may explain why, for centuries, the two were considered doppelgängers — in antiquity, spinel was known as balas ruby, derived from the word Badakhshan.

In 1382 a circlet crown was purchased for Queen Anne of Bohemia, being set with a large sapphire, a balas, and four large pearls with a diamond in the centre.