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The study says calcium may protect against bowel cancer "because it is able to bind to bile acids and free fatty acids in the colon, lowering their potentially carcinogenic effects".

Interestingly, the substitution of Glycine by Arginine in mNTCP was at a position far away from the binding site for bile acid.

Previous studies have suggested that bile acids can bind and activate TAS2R14, but little is known about how and where they bind in the receptor.

In addition to aiding digestion, bile acids are also important signaling molecules that help regulate the immune system and serve important metabolic functions, such as controlling lipid and glucose metabolism.

Synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, bile acids are involved in digestive processes, particularly in absorbing fat.