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Notably, eastern forests today have more species such as red maple, black birch, tulip poplar and blackgum than they did in the early 20th century.

At the arboretum, it’s the European black birches in dry sites that are taking a beating.

Milton served smoked venison, drizzled with a sauce made of malted sassafras and black birch syrup, and smoked collard greens.

Coming nearer we smelled black birch burning, and we saw the long thread of aromatic smoke mounting steadily to the paling stars.

The young twigs and leaves have the spicy fragrance of the black birch of the Eastern States.