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The active ingredient in Rush and other poppers is alkyl nitrite, a chemical that instantly dilates blood vessels when inhaled, producing a brief but intense feeling of euphoria.

The heart and your blood vessels also have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity - and they start to weaken.

"This allows new blood vessels and skin cells to be formed, along with more collagen and elastin," he tells the BBC.

"A mesh of shared blood vessels, nerves and tissues had to be separated. Care had to be taken to see that none of the host's organs or tissues were damaged," Dr Krishna said.

Sickle cell disease can be life-threatening and cause recurring intense pain, when blood vessels become blocked by misshapen red cells.