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The researchers, who published their results recently in Nature, identified a new role for an old bacterial enzyme, known as bile salt hydrolase, or BSH.

Although the researchers are unsure about the long-term implications of their study, they pointed out that BSH and bile acids have been linked with many health conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, some cancers and obesity.

In some experiments, they used an inhibitor to block the bacterial activity of BSH, and in others, they modified bacteria to remove the gene that encodes for BSH.

In the absence of BSH, there was no production of BBAAs, the team found.

Robert Quinn, whose lab published the MSU study, noted that his team showed that the BSH enzyme produced bile acids, while the Patterson lab did the reverse, identifying the enzyme and inhibiting it, which revealed that these molecules went away.