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Moisture triggers the transformation of cadmium sulfide, which is yellow, into cadmium sulfate, which is white -- resulting in a whitish or dull cast.

Cadmium sulfate also showed up in artificially aged paints that were exposed to at least 95 percent humidity in both light and darkness, but similar samples exposed to light in 45 percent humidity didn’t show signs of decay.

X-ray probes of the paint samples revealed cadmium sulfate, a breakdown product of cadmium sulfide, in paint flecks from the painting.

By conducting X-ray probes of flakes of paint from the 1910 painting and paint samples with similar composition, they determined that cadmium sulfate, a breakdown product of cadmium sulfide, was present paint flecks from "The Scream."

Scientists showed that cadmium sulfate also appeared in artificially aged paints that were exposed to 95 percent humidity in light and darkness -- but similar samples exposed to light in 45 percent humidity did not show signs of decay.