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For instance, one Oakland-based company is commercializing cement made from carbon-free calcium silicate rock, which emits no carbon dioxide when processed in a kiln.

TPS entered the calcium silicate market in 2018, with a product imported from China that it claimed was better and cost 20% to 25% less.

It accused Johns Manville of threatening to stop doing business with distributors if they bought TPS' calcium silicate, and that the threats enabled Johns Manville to still command 97.3% of the market by August 2021.

He cited testimony that Johns Manville enjoyed much higher gross margins on calcium silicate than on other products where it faced more competition.

The appeals court also upheld the dismissal of a claim that Johns Manville might have tied sales of other products to distributors agreeing not to buy TPS' calcium silicate.