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Michelle Gavin, a senior fellow for Africa policy studies at the Washington-based Council for Foreign Relations, said the way the new tariffs have been calculated "makes no sense at all" to economists.

Here’s how the Trump administration calculated the new tariffs: It took the U.S. trade deficit with individual trading partners, then divided it by U.S. imports from that partner.

But the White House's official methodology document makes clear that they have not calculated this for all the countries on which they have imposed tariffs.

Those orders and other Trump actions have triggered more than 67 lawsuits seeking preliminary injunctions or temporary restraining orders, Vladeck calculated; federal judges have granted some relief in 46 of those cases.

"Ireland and Europe has a larger trade deficit with the US and that's the crudeness through which this has been calculated," he told BBC News NI.