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The punt lives on as a custom, but it does add strength to the structure of bottles, particularly those used for sparkling wine, which are under great internal pressure from the carbonization.

“They know that electricity is central, and they know that you have to combine carbonization with known technologies with a big investment in innovation,” he said.

“The first challenge is to collect all wooden elements, regardless of their level of carbonization,” says Dillmann.

To quote: “It is postulated that hydrothermal carbonization of human excreta could potentially serve as a sustainable sanitation technology.”

The carbonization of the wood comes from slowly choking the logs at a constant temperature, keeping most of the oxygen out.