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Giving further insights into their research work published on 3 April 2024 in Volume 15 of Frontiers in Plant Science, Dr. Igawa says, "Instead of using external PGRs, our system uses the DR genes, which are involved in development and morphogenesis, to control cellular differentiation. The system utilizes transcription factor genes and resembles induced pluripotent cell generation in mammals."

Highlighting the applications of their work, Dr. Igawa remarks, "The reported system can improve plant breeding by providing a tool to induce cellular differentiation of GM plant cells without PGR application. Therefore, in societies where GM plants are accepted as products, it would accelerate plant breeding and reduce associated production costs."

The function of Golgi ribbons remains enigmatic, but the researchers suspect that it is involved in cellular differentiation during embryogenesis.

In neurons, synaptic activity enables the depolarization and calcium-ion influx that is necessary for cellular differentiation, proliferation and survival.

Furthermore, Nam and colleagues found that the effects of the mutation, when present in the progenitor cells, were noticeable only at later stages of cellular differentiation; the progeny of CALR-mutant cells were more abundant than the progeny of their non-mutant counterparts and had a distinct gene-expression profile.