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I think," said Hoddan, "that we can make an electronic field that'll soften the cementite between the crystals of steel, without heating up anything else.

A final steel will be composed of pearlite; ferrite and pearlite; or cementite and pearlite, according to the carbon content.

He is then able to pick out its component minerals, ferrite, austenite, martensite, pearlite, graphite, cementite, and to show how their abundance, shape and arrangement contribute to the strength or weakness of the specimen.

As more and more carbon is contained in the alloy—for steel is a true alloy—it begins to appear as graphite, and its properties counteract the remaining brittle cementite.

From this combination, we are able to get a very strong ferrite matrix and a very hard tough cementite.