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"Even though the periodontal tissue is composed of gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum, analyses are usually performed exclusively on gingival samples due to technical and quantitative limitations," remarks lead author Mr. Anhao Liu.

Another way to estimate age is to use a microscope to count the yearly additions of a mineralized tissue called cementum on teeth.

Dr Beaudet says they are also planning to measure a layer of material at the root of the teeth called cementum, which could indicate Little Foot's age when she died.

“This tells us something about the ‘sensitivity’ of cementum as a recording structure: episodic events are not recorded, while prolonged systemic ones are.”

As an animal ages, a substance called cementum is deposited on the root of the tooth, thickening the walls from the outside in.