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The other is for the late Pablo “Chib” Espinoza, the chief game warden.

So when a gold medal is at stake, Chib said, athletes who can keep their minds off the possibility of losing are those more likely to perform well — and win.

Vikram Chib, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins, who studies how our brains process incentives and how that influences performance, sees potential parallels between the lab and the Olympics.

“The findings are counterintuitive, I know,” says Vikram S. Chib, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins who led the study, which was published recently in The Journal of Neuroscience.

But such explanations are speculative for now, Dr. Chib says.