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Gardiner came equipped with a large orchestra of extravagant period instruments, including four chitarrone, which are lutes with dramatically long necks.

There were fine contributions, too, from colleagues including Carla Moore on violin, Erin Headley, Josh Lee, and Elizabeth Reed on violas da gamba, Curtis Daily on violone, Jillon Stoppels Dupree on organ, and Stubbs himself on the lute’s long-necked cousin, the chitarrone.

Johnnie took up a chitarrone, the archlute, a large, double-necked Spanish instrument, which lay upon a marble table by his side in the courtyard.

The choirs and directors were originators of the performances, but they always needed two cornetto players, a chitarrone player, two solo tenors and two sopranos who had the necessary coloratura.

In Prelude to a Concert, the central musician is tuning but not playing his theorbo, or chitarrone, a long business that slightly frays the patience of his fellow musicians.