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Now, MIT physicists have found that this primordial process also would have produced some unexpected companions: even smaller black holes with unprecedented amounts of a nuclear-physics property known as "color charge."

Any black holes that formed in this time would have swallowed up the untethered particles, along with an exotic property known as "color charge" -- a state of charge that only uncombined quarks and gluons carry.

"Once we figured out that these black holes form in a quark-gluon plasma, the most important thing we had to figure out was, how much color charge is contained in the blob of matter that will end up in a primordial black hole?"

Using QCD theory, they worked out the distribution of color charge that should have existed throughout the hot, early plasma.

It turns out there wouldn't have been much color charge in most typical black holes at the time, as they would have formed by absorbing a huge number of regions that had a mix of charges, which would have ultimately added up to a "neutral" charge.