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But contact tracing may be difficult since Kampala, a bustling city of over four million people, serves as a major hub for travel to South Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and other neighbouring countries.

There are likely multiple factors that played a role in reducing the spread of STIs: Public health departments used funding issued as part of the COVID-19 pandemic, expanded testing in nontraditional settings like emergency rooms or churches, and funded a workforce of disease intervention specialists who perform contact tracing and connect people to treatment.

If the virus is found, the third stage goes into action, triggering an even more granular investigation by identifying farms and herds that are positive — allowing for “rapid response measures,” including biosecurity programs such as movement controls and contact tracing.

BBC News NI's education correspondent Robbie Meredith said that while, during the coronavirus pandemic, school principals were expected to assist the PHA in contact tracing and in keeping infectious children out of school, the threat of a fine appears to be a new measure.

In the Missouri case, contact tracing interviews with the infected person "detected that the household contact had been symptomatic with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea with a simultaneous onset of symptoms, implying a common exposure rather than human-to-human transmission," said Dr. Demetre Daskalakis the CDC’s Director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at a media briefing.