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It “appears to have jumped over from songbirds,” says OSU coronavirologist Linda Saif, who went on to isolate the virus in swine cell cultures.

“The jury’s out,” says Timothy Sheahan, a coronavirologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Stanley Perlman, a coronavirologist at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, says that the animal studies conducted so far can tell vaccine developers only so much.

“I just hate to see a world-class coronavirologist, who's dedicated her life working with this, being scrutinized as the possible source,” says Le Duc, who sees no evidence for a lab spillover but does not rule out the possibility.

Immunity is short-lived for the coronaviruses that cause common colds; even people who have high levels of antibodies against these viruses can still become infected, says Stanley Perlman, a coronavirologist at the University of Iowa in Iowa City.