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Brain abnormalities called focal cortical dysplasia are a common cause of epilepsy, especially when medication cannot control seizures.

In preclinical in vivo studies, the material showed remarkable results: it fully repaired bone defects within 3-6 months and even triggered the formation of a new layer of strong, healthy cortical bone in 4 weeks.

The electrical signals, lasting on average 120 milliseconds, were then found to move down and across the folds of the precentral gyrus to a neighboring auditory cortical subregion, called the superior temporal gyrus.

"While it's often overlooked, aperiodic activity is important because it reflects brain cortical excitability," said study senior author Christopher T. Whitlow, M.D.,

"The brain's cortical architecture can fit about 280 terabytes of information -- 32 years of high-definition video. Our genomes accommodate about one hour. This implies a 400,000-fold compression technology cannot yet match."