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They’ve measured the cosmic microwave background, or leftover radiation from the Big Bang, with extremely high precision to help paint a picture of the first nanoseconds of the universe.

Throughout the decades, numerous observations of how dust, gas, and ripples in the cosmic microwave background, or the leftover radiation from the primordial plasma of the universe, moved indicated that dark matter exists.

The second method, called the early relic method, involves measuring the leftover light from the Big Bang in what is called the cosmic microwave background.

For example, scientists have already compared the new quasar map with the oldest light in our cosmos, the cosmic microwave background.

"Studying these waves from the early universe will help us build a complete picture of our cosmic history, analogous to previous discoveries of the cosmic microwave background."