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By integrating these data sets, the consortium has created an online registry of candidate CREs.

To further understand how distant CREs work together, Grubert et al.9 mapped chromatin loops in 24 human cell types.

Three other papers explore the regulatory roles of CREs from a developmental perspective by analysing multiple tissues from mouse fetuses across several developmental stages.

To identify CREs, Meuleman and colleagues6 defined 3.6 million accessible DNA regions in 438 cell and tissue types and states, by measuring the genome-wide susceptibility to DNase I. Vierstra and colleagues7 further examined the patterns of DNase I cleavage to understand how transcription factors bind to the CREs.

This could happen through protein–protein interactions and chromatin loops, which might link together multiple distant CREs.