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He stood down as an MP in 1992 and was ennobled as a cross-bench peer in the same year, despite his party's opposition to the Lords at the time.

He said a review would be carried out into "our entire counter-extremist system", adding that he had asked cross-bench peer Lord Anderson of Ipswich KC - the new independent Prevent commissioner - "to hold this system to account, to shine a light into its darkest corners".

But a government source argued amendments from cross-bench, or independent, peers in the House of Lords meant there was not enough time to pass the legislation.

“This is about people having a fundamental objection to a piece of government legislation,” said Simon McDonald, a former head of the British diplomatic service who became a cross-bench, or nonpartisan, member of the House of Lords, where he is known as Baron McDonald of Salford, in 2021.

Lord Evans, a non-party cross-bench peer, said he did not think it would be right to change the law to make lying in Parliament a criminal offence as "ultimately people have to make their judgement at the ballot box".