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This year, he revisited gossip as a recurring evil, likening the Curia’s atmosphere to any insular office rife with whispered critiques.

Francis’ holiday speeches to the Curia have become infamously candid, often shining a light on what he perceives to be workplace toxicity.

The Rev. James Anguiano, moderator of the Curia and vicar general of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, delivered a homily in Spanish and English.

Fearfully sticking to rules may give the appearance of avoiding problems but only ends up hurting the service that the Vatican Curia is called to give the church, he said.

He may have commanded one of the most influential empires in history, but his interests extended far beyond the marble walls of the Curia Julia: He was also a Stoic philosopher who pursued a virtuous life, one that promoted wisdom, justice, moderation, and courage.