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The turning point came — or at least ought to have come — when Jenner discovered that dairymaids were often protected from smallpox because of their exposure to the less-dangerous cowpox.

Jesty himself had two dairymaids, who failed to contract the disease even when they had taken care of stricken relatives.

Perhaps most famously, Edward Jenner in 1796 inoculated a healthy 8-year-old boy with cowpox derived from a lesion on the hand of a dairymaid.

Tess Durbeyfield earns her living as a dairymaid before agricultural mechanization, but she channels early strains of what Hardy presciently calls “the ache of modernism.”

The virus he used came from a dairymaid, Sarah Nelmes, who got it from a cow named Blossom.