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Phillips said expanding the tax credit — as well as housing vouchers “and other supply- and demand-side subsidies” — would help, but they will serve fewer people and cost more “if we don’t address the housing scarcity problem.”

Tobin questions the need for more demand-side incentives, suggesting that when interest rates fall, demand will naturally increase.

The item calls for greater transparency from the PUC, including better reporting around what is driving costs, and a review of demand-side management programs that affect customer usage.

She says: "We need to engage more people and more industries in demand-side management, to make sure the flexibility needed in the system is out there to make generation and demand match better during the day and during the night."

To limit these problems, it is necessary to keep energy and resource requirements as low as possible through demand-side measures.