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"In geometrical optics, shadows cast by obstacles would extend indefinitely -- if you're in the shadow, there's no light; outside of it, you see light. But wave optics introduces a different behavior -- waves bend around obstacles and interfere with each other, creating a sequence of bright and dim fringes due to constructive and destructive interference."

Just leave two doors open, and then you will have destructive interference, and the thieves cannot go into the living room,’” jokes physicist Jean Dalibard, who co-authored the 1984 paper.

By blocking the brightest color, thus taking the atom’s single-photon-generating process offline, Schemmer and his colleagues were able to see the other process in action without the destructive interference created by the dominant single atom—much like a traffic light that shines both green and yellow when red is blocked.

The length of the ring was chosen and adjusted precisely to create destructive interference for only one color of light.

If, however, the waves of light are out of phase and overlap while misaligned, a peak may meet a trough in the wave, and both are canceled out, a process known as destructive interference.