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The proposed approach would still use deuterium and tritium, which are generally accepted as the most promising pair of fuels for fusion energy production.

Researchers, working on nuclear fusion, are fusing tritium and deuterium together to maximize the amount of energy created in one small area.

Some hydrogen atoms, called deuterium, are a little heavier, while others, usually just known as hydrogen, are a little lighter.

They also used heavy water, a form of water where the hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium, which gives the water a higher freezing point, and helps create the smooth structure.

One limitation is that JT-60SA will only use hydrogen and its isotope deuterium in its experiments, not tritium—a third form of hydrogen that is expensive, scarce, and radioactive.