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What we do know is that vaping involves inhaling “e-juice” in the form of an aerosol that contains flavorings such as diacetyl — a chemical linked to serious lung disease — along with nicotine and other chemicals, according to the American Lung Association.

Ray's team found that diacetyl can act as an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, or HDAC, enzymes and discovered several related volatiles with similar potential.

Diacetyl is widely used in food and beverage flavorings.

While diacetyl is found in beer, wine, Greek yogurt, and many ripening fruits, it is considered unsafe to inhale at high concentrations.

"Our initial discovery was made using diacetyl, as a proof of concept, and this compound may not be the perfect candidate for therapy," Ray said.