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In young subjects before the bones are fully developed the epiphyses may be separated from the diaphyses.

The effusions were most strongly marked in cases of fractures of the diaphyses, although this was more noticeable in some situations than others.

The most satisfactory treatment is to resect sub-periosteally the diseased portion of the diaphysis.

Contraction of muscles also tends to exert traction upon a bone so fractured, resulting in a lateral approximation of the diaphysis and thus preventing union because the broken surfaces are not in proper contact.

In the caves that were inhabited by man, however, we find the apophyses neglected, whilst the diaphyses are split open.