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Lawrence Barham, an archaeologist at the University of Liverpool, and his colleague Geoff Duller, a geochronologist at Aberystwyth University, had just descended a small cliff to a patch of beach beside the Kalambo River when they spotted the end of a carved digging stick protruding from the sandy riverbank.

They posited that tools used by Indigenous peoples, like the digging stick, were rudimentary compared to the more advanced plow cultivation used by European farmers.

This rounded knob is the handle of a Neanderthal digging stick made with the aid of fire.

In other cultures, 3- to 5-year-olds successfully use a hoe, fishing gear, blowpipe, bow and arrow, digging stick and mortar and pestle.

Schindler took out his wooden digging stick — modeled after primitive tools — and went after some wild garlic in a weedy tree box.