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“There is a large disparity from north to south,” Swain said, adding that this pattern of a north-south “dipole” appears likely to persist.

If the interior is electrically conducting, a thick layer of convecting material will generate a dipole magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet.

However, their transition rate is substantially lower compared with electric dipole moments.

Under mid-infrared illumination, this material transforms into a state of permanently ordered electrical dipoles, which is absent in its equilibrium phase diagram.

With the cycle of sunspots, the Sun's dipole field is also observed to wax and wane in strength, the north and south magnetic poles swap places, also every 11 years.