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The sensor can detect an enzyme called deoxyribonuclease, or DNase.

Furthermore, DNase builds up before other signs of infection appear.

The researchers developed a particular kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in the presence of DNase.

These regions can be identified by their accessibility to DNA-cleaving enzymes such as DNase I, by DNA-binding proteins such as transcription factors, or by specific molecular modifications on histone proteins, to which DNA is bound in a complex called chromatin.

To identify CREs, Meuleman and colleagues6 defined 3.6 million accessible DNA regions in 438 cell and tissue types and states, by measuring the genome-wide susceptibility to DNase I. Vierstra and colleagues7 further examined the patterns of DNase I cleavage to understand how transcription factors bind to the CREs.