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Furthermore, the researchers examined the effect of Gprc5a downregulation on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

These are off-targets on the mRNA-transcribed regions that represent the downregulation of expression in edited samples compared to wild-type ones.

This “downregulation” also seems true of genes associated with the ability to hear high frequencies, but that genetic change may have led to the reptiles’ reconfigured ear bones, which make them exquisitely sensitive to vibrations.

“Downregulation of HSP47 during hibernation of bears or chronically immobilized patients reduces thromboinflammation” and thus reduces the risk of blood clots, Schattner says.

Researchers found that early stage melanomas which are at risk of spreading secrete a growth factor which causes the reduction, or downregulation, of certain proteins in the skin overlying the tumour.