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In downwelling regions, hydrated rocks in the transition zone are pushed into the lower mantle, where they release water bound in their minerals.

Bioluminescence, is often deployed to match downwelling light and avoid casting a shadow.

McDougall, T. J. & Ferrari, R. Abyssal upwelling and downwelling driven by near-boundary mixing.

Already, freshwater flooding into the oceans from ice sheet meltdowns in Antarctica and Greenland has slowed the circulation of seawater—the upwelling and downwelling that draws both heat and CO2 out of the atmosphere.

The third strategy, called counterillumination, also seeks to mimic the downwelling light.