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“It would be immoral to just offer people two drops of polio vaccine and move away,” said Dr. Elias Durry, the W.H.O. emergency adviser for polio for the eastern Mediterranean who spent years overseeing polio campaigns in Africa.

“This puts a lot of pressure on Pakistan to do better,” said Dr. Elias Durry, who leads the W.H.O.’s effort in that country and has fought polio in six others, including Somalia and Nigeria.

Durry said the main reason for the fall in cases was better access to families in previously unvaccinated areas, where troops have been advancing.

Elias Durry, the WHO’s senior coordinator for polio eradication in Pakistan, confirmed the drop in cases, saying intensive vaccination efforts were paying off.

The Taliban’s brutal violence stuns Elias Durry, in charge of the W.H.O. program in Pakistan.