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Work at America’s research universities led to the first magnetic core random access memory, a predecessor to dynamic RAM, and to lithium ion batteries.

But 32-bit will eventually run into a bottleneck for applications needing more than 4GB dynamic RAM memory.

Thus one reader gave the example of failed efforts to retain “the secret sauce” in the case of dynamic RAM.

As the overseas manufacturers ramped up their dynamic RAM capability, they discovered and developed techniques for manufacturing that made them cheaper and more reliable — techniques that weren’t shared with the American companies.

Improved process technology for dynamic RAM also made better, faster, more reliable microprocessors with higher yields, and the American companies that weren’t keeping up with process improvements couldn’t continue to compete.