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"The occurrence of this pressure solution can really affect the amount of elastic strain that accumulates in different parts of the seismogenic zone."

Therefore, Professor Yang and his team investigated oxidation in nanometals, and in sharp contrast to their expectation, they found that severely oxidized metallic glass nanotubes and nanosheets can attain an ultrahigh recoverable elastic strain of up to about 14% at room temperature, which outperforms bulk metallic glasses, metallic glass nanowires, and many other super-elastic metals.

“There are no grain boundaries, no cracks, no features that otherwise limit how much elastic strain a body can experience.”

About six to nine meters of elastic strain have likely accumulated along the fault since the last one, the scientists said — which means that when it finally releases, the ground will likely shift roughly 20 to 30 feet.

GPS stations in Japan - installed to measure the slow build-up of elastic strain in the crust between big earthquakes - show most of Eastern Honshu moving several metres to the east as a few centuries worth of that elastic strain - which pushes the crust in Japan westwards and upwards - was released over the space of a few minutes.