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Mathematical symmetries within the standard model suggest the weak and electromagnetic forces are different aspects of a single “electroweak” force.

“What you really want is a sort of a laboratory for electroweak physics,” Craig says.

At extremely high energies, the electromagnetic force, which controls the behavior of charged particles such as electrons, and the weak force, which governs processes such as fission decays, are unified into one “electroweak” force.

But as Craig and others argue, that discovery was only the “herald” of electroweak physics.

When scientists access such “young cosmos” states with particle accelerators, they see electromagnetism and the weak force acting as one single force—the electroweak force—suggesting that in the early universe, these two forces were one.