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Instead of heeding a memo from one of his pollsters urging him to focus on lowering the demand for oil, he put most of his effort into trying to make up the post–oil shock energy gap.

"This allowed us to measure an unexpected energy gap -- the hallmark of an insulator."

The authors' suspicion that the experimentally measured energy gap was a signature of a Mott insulating phase was confirmed by comparing experimental results with dynamical mean-field theory calculations.

The authors were able to observe this metallic phase from a vanishing of the measured energy gap when they removed some electrons from the MOF.

In a paper now under review, he and his colleagues identify multiple spots where the energy gap is “whoppingly huge,” he says—even larger than Young’s.