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The researchers also drilled through the ice and found what they called “englacial” lakes, sandwiched between the surface of the ice shelf and its base, which is in contact with the ocean beneath it.

They found 55 lakes in total on or in the ice shelf, and a number of them were in this buried, englacial format.

Many blocks of stone fall into the gaping crevasses and much loose rock is carried down as “englacial material” in the body of the glacier.

There is no conflict of opinion with regard to glacial aggradation and the distribution of superglacial, englacial and subglacial material, which during the active existence of a glacier is finally distributed by glacial streams that produce very considerable alluviation.

In cases where no rock falls upon the surface there is a considerable amount of englacial material due to upturning either over accumulated ground d�bris or over structural inequalities in the rock floor.